Abstract: AbstractThe Earth?s ice?ocean?atmosphere system exhibits nonlinear responses, such as the difference in the magnitude of the atmospheric response to positive or negative ocean or sea ice anomalies. Two classes of methods ...

Abstract: ynamical components of Earth?s ice?ocean?atmosphere system evolve along characteristic trajectories, which make these components partly predictable. This paper reviews several methods for extracting these predictable ...

Abstract: he past 1500 years provide a valuable opportunity to study the response of the climate system to external forcings. However, the integration of paleoclimate proxies with climate modeling is critical to improving the ...