Abstract: The observational evidence for the formation of downdrafts at the rear of tropical squall lines is reviewed. Some mechanisms, which have been proposed for the formation of such downdrafts, also are reviewed. Although the ...

Abstract: Raymond's (1975) wave-CISK model is applied to several tropical convective storms observed in Venezuela, the eastern Atlantic and West Africa to predict their propagation velocity. Similar calculations are carried out with ...

Abstract: Local modifications of air flow caused by the construction of the Arenal Reservoir in Costa Rica were investigated. From the analysis of data recorded at a station near the downwind side of the reservoir for the years ...