Abstract: A finite-element formulation that captures both the St. Venant and warping torsional effects of open sections is developed. The formulation is applicable to prismatic thin-walled open sections commonly used in steel ...

Abstract: Conventional analysis methods for beams do not distinguish between transverse loads that are applied at the beam centroidal axis and those acting either above or below the centroidal axis. In contrast, this paper formulates ...

Abstract: A family of interaction expressions are developed for steel elliptical hollow sections (EHSs) subjected to combinations of axial force, biaxial bending moments, torsion, and bimoments. The formulation is based on kinematically ...