Abstract: This study focuses on Nakayama and Kuwahara’s two-equation turbulence model and its modifications, previously proposed for flows in porous media, on the basis of the volume averaging theory. ...

Abstract: A complete set of macroscopic two-equation turbulence model equations has been established for analyzing turbulent flow and heat transfer within porous media. The volume-averaged transport equations ...

Abstract: An effective porosity concept has been introduced to account for the effects of tortuosity and thermal dispersion on the individual effective thermal conductivities of the solid and fluid phases ...