Abstract: Sigma coordinate models currently suffer from the difficulty encountered in specifying the horizontal pressure gradient. Most of the efforts to reduce this truncation error lead to the loss of at least one integral constraint ...

Abstract: This paper reviews the usual open boundary conditions (OBCs) for coastal ocean models and proposes a complete set of open boundaries based on stability criteria, on mass and energy conservation arguments, and on the ability ...

Abstract: erranean countries are experiencing important challenges related to the water cycle, including water shortages and floods, extreme winds, and ice/snow storms, that impact critically the socioeconomic vitality in the area ...