Abstract: As a result of previous laboratory tests suggesting an effect of magnetic fields on the deposition of calcium carbonate, tunnel operators in Seoul, South Korea, assigned three tunnel sites, Namsan #3 tunnel and subway ...

Abstract: Calcium carbonate deposits are known to clog tunnel drainage systems and clogging is a major concern to tunnel operators worldwide. After analyzing several industrial solutions for treating calcium carbonate, experiments ...

Abstract: We utilize simple shear testing to investigate the volume change of clean sands subject to cyclic loads. We examine the effects of a number of compositional and environmental factors on the vertical strain at 15 uniform ...