Abstract: To improve the understating of viral pathogens’ resuspension from bed sediment and their attachment to suspended sediment, a series of flume experiments using a coliphage surrogate, PhiX174, were conducted with two sediments: ...

Abstract: PhiX174 (or ΦX174) is a spherical single-stranded DNA bacteriophage used as a surrogate to study viral enteric pathogens in the environment. The resuspension of viral pathogen from bed sediment in irrigation canals impairs ...