Abstract: A model of a cumulus cloud field, parameterized as right circular cylinders, has been used to estimate the uncertainties in longwave radiation calculations of irradiances and heating rates caused by neglecting the dimensions ...

Abstract: Cumulus cloud bulk geometry, size, and spatial distributions have long been recognized as important factors for longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions. Most current climate models, however, still ignore ...

Abstract: Longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions is often treated as a problem in cloud bulk geometry, especially for cumulus clouds, because individual clouds are nearly black. However, climate models ignore cloud ...

Abstract: Comparisons of zonally averaged outgoing longwave fluxes estimated from 10 ?m radiance observations on NOAA polar orbiting satellites with flat plate observations on the Nimbus 6 ERB experiment have shown the NOAA estimates ...

Abstract: In the longwave part of the spectrum, clouds are generally modeled in GCMs as flat black plates. The true effective cloud cover for transmittance of infrared radiation may be larger or smaller than the fractional cloud ...

Abstract: The accuracy of radiation models is a critical issue in climate studies. However, calculations from different radiation models used in climate calculations disagree with one another, and with more detailed models, at levels ...

Abstract: The plane-parallel horizontal (PPH) hypothesis used to approximate clouds in GCMs neglects three-dimensional cloud effects. Such effects can amount to as much as 20 W m?2 in longwave radiation. Several investigators have ...

Abstract: This paper develops a nonlinear statistical method that uses satellite radiance observations directly to estimate the downward longwave radiation (DLR) at the earth's surface, a necessary component of the surface energy ...

Abstract: A multispectral outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) estimation technique is applied to GOES Sounder data to study the diurnal cycle of OLR. OLR data collected from several regional areas over the continental United States ...

Abstract: A new model has been developed for calculating vertical profiles of longwave irradiance and heating rates. The infrared active bands taken into account include the pure rotational water vapor, the 6.3 µm water vapor, the ...