Abstract: A model of a cumulus cloud field, parameterized as right circular cylinders, has been used to estimate the uncertainties in longwave radiation calculations of irradiances and heating rates caused by neglecting the dimensions ...

Abstract: Cumulus cloud bulk geometry, size, and spatial distributions have long been recognized as important factors for longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions. Most current climate models, however, still ignore ...

Abstract: Longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions is often treated as a problem in cloud bulk geometry, especially for cumulus clouds, because individual clouds are nearly black. However, climate models ignore cloud ...

Abstract: Comparisons of zonally averaged outgoing longwave fluxes estimated from 10 ?m radiance observations on NOAA polar orbiting satellites with flat plate observations on the Nimbus 6 ERB experiment have shown the NOAA estimates ...

Abstract: In the longwave part of the spectrum, clouds are generally modeled in GCMs as flat black plates. The true effective cloud cover for transmittance of infrared radiation may be larger or smaller than the fractional cloud ...

Abstract: Nimbus-7 satellite observations are used to determine the relationship between the total longwave radiation flux and the radiance in the 10-12 ?m infrared window. The total longwave fluxes are obtained from the earth ...

Abstract: The accuracy of radiation models is a critical issue in climate studies. However, calculations from different radiation models used in climate calculations disagree with one another, and with more detailed models, at levels ...

Abstract: The plane-parallel horizontal (PPH) hypothesis used to approximate clouds in GCMs neglects three-dimensional cloud effects. Such effects can amount to as much as 20 W m?2 in longwave radiation. Several investigators have ...

Abstract: Radiation flux observations were obtained during a flight of the NCAR Electra over the Arabian Sea during MONEX when aerosols were present, and these observations have been compared with theoretical calculations based upon ...

Abstract: The procedure used by NOAA to estimate the outgoing longwave irradiance at the top of the atmosphere from an array of satellite window region measurements includes the averaging of the flux values inferred from the columns ...