Abstract: Total energy E as the sum of kinetic and available potential energies is considered here for quasigeostrophic (QG) dynamics. The discrete expression for E is derived for the QG model formulation of Marshall and Molteni. ...

Abstract: The Liouville equation represents the consistent and comprehensive framework for the treatment of the uncertainty inherent in meteorological forecasts. By its very nature, consideration of the Liouville equation avoids ...

Abstract: The Liouville equation provides the framework for the consistent and comprehensive treatment of the uncertainty inherent in meteorological forecasts. This equation expresses the conservation of the phase-space integral of ...

Abstract: The semigeostrophic potential vorticity equation is derived in a vector-based notation for the shallow-water and primitive equations, as models for atmospheric flow. The derivation proceeds from knowledge of the functional ...

Abstract: The Eady model with rigid upper lid is considered. The resonant, linearly amplifying solution that exists in the situation of neutral normal modes when an infinitely thin potential vorticity (PV) perturbation is located ...

Abstract: Variational data assimilation systems require the specification of the covariances of background and observation errors. Although the specification of the background-error covariances has been the subject of intense research, ...

Abstract: The spectrum of finite-time most unstable structures, also referred to as singular vectors (SVs), is computed for a regional, mesoscale primitive-equation model. The number of growing SVs present in this spectrum is of ...

Abstract: Optimal perturbations, also referred to as singular vectors (SVs), currently constitute an important guideline for the generation of initial ensembles to be used for ensemble prediction. The optimality of these perturbations ...

Abstract: No Abstract available.

Abstract: The economic value of ensemble-based weather or climate forecasts is generally assessed by taking the ensembles at ?face value.? That is, the forecast probability is estimated as the relative frequency of occurrence of an ...