Abstract: The calculation of infrared radiative fluxes and cooling rates using the two-stream equations is discussed. It is argued that at infrared wavelengths the two-stream equations are best viewed as an approximation to the ...

Abstract: AbstractThe effect of frictional dissipative heating on the calculation of surface fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer using bulk flux formulas is considered. Although the importance of frictional dissipation in intense ...

Abstract: Combined simultaneous satellite observations are used to evaluate the performance of parameterizations of the microphysical and optical properties of cirrus clouds used for radiative flux computations in climate models. ...

Abstract: A new radiation code within a general circulation model is used to assess the direct solar and thermal radiative forcing by sulfate aerosol of anthropogenic origin and soot aerosol from fossil-fuel burning. The radiative ...