Abstract: It is proposed that the range derivative of the logarithm of the ratio of average echo powers from two (S- and X-band) synchronized and slaved radars would yield a highly reliable indication of the boundaries of hail shafts. ...

Abstract: The detailed structure and evolution of radar echoes observed in a multicellular hailstorm are analysed. General environmental conditions, overall radar echo development, and precipitation measurements are briefly discussed, ...

Abstract: A model of an evolving hailstorm is synthesized from data presented in four related papers in this issue. The storm model, which is applicable to a class of ordinary multicell hailstorms and similar to earlier models derived ...