Abstract: A 3D mesoscale model is used to study the structure and intensity of stratospheric gravity waves generated by tropical convection. Two prototypical cases are examined: a squall line observed during the Tropical Ocean Global ...

Abstract: The formation of lee wakes and vortices is explored in the context of stratified flow with uniform basic-state wind and stability past elongated free-slip ridges. The theory of inviscid flow past a ridge of small nondimensional ...

Abstract: The formation of orographic wakes and vortices is studied within the context of numerically simulated viscous flow with uniform basic-state wind and stability past elongated free-slip ridges. The viscosity and thermal ...

Abstract: High-frequency gravity waves generated by convective storms likely play an important role in the general circulation of the middle atmosphere. Yet little is known about waves from this source. This work utilizes a fully ...

Abstract: Two-dimensional simulations of the 11 January 1972 Boulder, Colorado, windstorm, obtained from 11 diverse nonhydrostatic models, are intercompared with special emphasis on the turbulent breakdown of topographically forced ...