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RISHumidity Required for Ice Nucleation from the Vapor onto Silver Iodide and Lead Iodide Aerosols over the Temperature Range −6 to −67°C
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The ice saturation ratio at which 1% of aged silver iodide and lead iodide aerosol particles nucleate ice from moist air is observed to depend on temperature. Between roughly ?30 and ?67°C the threshold for both aerosol ...
A Case Study of the Origin of Hail in a Multicell Thunderstorm Using In Situ Aircraft and Polarimetric Radar Data
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An armored T-28 research aircraft made direct observations of the hydrometeors present at approximately the ?3°C temperature level in the inflow region of a multicell thunderstorm. During the penetration, both the Colorado ...
Cloud Liquid Water Measurements on the Armored T-28: Intercomparison between Johnson–Williams Cloud Water Meter and CSIRO (King) Liquid Water Probe
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Comparisons are made between liquid water concentration (LWC) readings obtained from a Johnson?Williams (J?W) cloud water meter and a King (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) liquid water probe, ...
Observations of Mixed-Phase Precipitation within a CaPE Thunderstorm
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Various procedures for inferring hydrometeor characteristics from polarimetric radar data have indicated that regions with echoes exhibiting relatively high linear depolarization ratios along with relatively low differential ...
Observations and Model Simulations of Transport and Precipitation Development in a Seeded Cumulus Congestus Cloud
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Observations made by three instrumented aircraft, a Doppler radar, and other data sources were used to follow the initiation and development of precipitation in a small cumulus congestus cloud. The cloud was seeded at its ...
Normalized Hail Particle Size Distributions from the T-28 Storm-Penetrating Aircraft
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Hail and graupel are linked to lightning production and are important components of cloud evolution. Hail can also cause significant damage when it precipitates to the surface. The accurate prediction of the amount and ...
Ice Multiplication by Breakup in Ice–Ice Collisions. Part II: Numerical Simulations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: AbstractIn Part I of this two-part paper, a formulation was developed to treat fragmentation in ice?ice collisions. In the present Part II, the formulation is implemented in two microphysically advanced cloud models ...
Multiple Environmental Influences on the Lightning of Cold-Based Continental Cumulonimbus Clouds. Part I: Description and Validation of Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: In this two-part paper, influences from environmental factors on lightning in a convective storm are assessed with a model. In Part I, an electrical component is described and applied in the Aerosol-Cloud model (AC). AC ...
The North Dakota Thunderstorm Project: A Cooperative Study of High Plains Thunderstorms
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The North Dakota Thunderstorm Project was conducted in the Bismarck, North Dakota, area from 12 June through 22 July 1989. The project deployed Doppler radars, cloud physics aircraft, and supporting instrumentation to study ...