Abstract: Estimating the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of granular materials is important in various engineering disciplines. The ETC of a granular material is not unique, rather it depends upon the material’s packing ...

Abstract: A pore network model (PNM) idealizes the pore space in a soil as voids (network nodes) connected by pore throats (network edges). Along each edge the fluid flow rate is linearly related to the pressure drop by a hydraulic ...

Abstract: Ground source energy systems (GSES) utilize low enthalpy geothermal energy and have been recognized as an efficient means of providing low carbon space heating and cooling. This study focuses on GSES where the exchange of ...