Abstract: The goal of atmospheric data assimilation is to determine the most accurate representation of the signal from the available observations. The optimality of a data assimilation scheme measures how much information has been ...

Abstract: Objective analysis procedures such as statistical interpolation require reliable estimates of forecast-error statistics in order to optimize the analysis weights. Reasonably good estimates of the forecast-error statistics ...

Abstract: Forecast-error statistics have traditionally been used to investigate model performance and to calculate analysis weights for atmospheric data assimilation. Forecast error has two components: the model error, caused by ...

Abstract: Modern data assimilation algorithms such as the four-dimensional variational algorithm or the extended Kalman filter (EKF) can, in theory, estimate the wind field from chemical constituent observations. This seems to be ...

Abstract: Effective data assimilation algorithms require the estimation and specification of second-moment forecast error statistics. The imposition of multivariate constraints has been found to be a particularly effective way of ...

Abstract: In the design of a rational global observing system, one of the most important questions is ?What are the best variables (wind, temperatures, etc.) to observe for the optimal specification of the initial conditions for ...

Abstract: Recent work by Gent and McWilliams (1982) suggests that of all models intermediate in complexity between quasi-geostrophic (QG) and primitive equation (PE), the balance equations (BE) have the best performance when compared ...

Abstract: The direct analysis of the divergent component of the wind has traditionally been difficult. The higher quality datasets now available offer an opportunity to produce meaningful analyses of the divergent wind. The present ...

Abstract: The development of nonlinear normal mode initialization for shallow water models by Machenhauer (1977) and Baer (1977) and its subsequent successful extension to baroclinic models has provided the impetus for further ...

Abstract: Observation error statistics are required in most atmospheric data assimilation systems. While observation errors are often assumed to be spatially correlated, serial correlations have received virtually no attention. In ...