Abstract: In a real construction project, the duration and cost of each activity could change dynamically as a result of many uncertain variables, such as weather, resource availability, productivity, etc. Managers/planners must ...

Abstract: Reducing both project cost and time (duration) is critical in a competitive environment. However, a trade-off between project time and cost is required. This in turn requires contracting organizations to carefully evaluate ...

Abstract: Time–cost optimization (TCO) is one of the greatest challenges in construction project planning and control, since the optimization of either time or cost, would usually be at the expense of the other. Although the TCO ...