Abstract: natural way to set up an ensemble forecasting system is to use a model with additional stochastic forcing representing the model error and to derive the initial uncertainty by using an ensemble of analyses generated with ...

Abstract: years there has been a growing appreciation of the potential advantages of using a seamless approach to weather and climate prediction. However, what exactly should this mean in practice? To help address this question, we ...

Abstract: AbstractAfter extensive efforts over the course of a decade, convective-scale weather forecasts with horizontal grid spacings of 1?5 km are now operational at national weather services around the world, accompanied by ...

Abstract: warm bias in tropical tropopause temperature is found in the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), in common with most models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). Key dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes influencing the ...

Abstract: AbstractNumerical weather, climate, or Earth system models involve the coupling of components. At a broad level, these components can be classified as the resolved fluid dynamics, unresolved fluid dynamical aspects (i.e., ...