Abstract: Skill in seasonal forecasts in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is mostly limited to winter. Drivers of summer circulation anomalies over the North Atlantic–European (NAE) sector are poorly understood. Here, we investigate ...

Abstract: Determining how El Niño and its impacts may change over the next 10 to 100 years remains a difficult scientific challenge. Ocean?atmosphere coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) are routinely used both to analyze El ...

Abstract: ct available.

Abstract: In the United Kingdom, where 90% of residents are projected to live in urban areas by 2050, projecting changes in urban heat islands (UHIs) is essential to municipal adaptation. Increased summer temperatures are linked to ...