Abstract: The macrostructure of a granular material is treated as an ensemble of microstates of like spheres where each microstate is identified by a coordination number and a corresponding porosity. The probability of occurrence ...

Abstract: The majority of structural failures, whether collapse or functional, are attributable to errors in design, construction, or operation. This paper attempts to review selected literature on the subject of errors in structural ...

Abstract: The process of accounting for subjective information, insight, and wisdom in structural engineering decision making is a matter of debate. One effort to include verbal ideas involves the use of the fuzzy set theory. This ...

Abstract: The overall uncertainty of an aging stochastic system is analyzed through the consideration of both objective uncertainty and subjective imprecision. The updated probability distribution of a normal variate is determined ...

Abstract: A system of finite dimensional rigid bodies, such as a masonry arch, can be interpreted as a nonholonomic system in which there are constraints on the generalized coordinates. The potential energy function for a system of ...

Abstract: The uncertainty of a continuous variable is estimated by the combination of the objective entropy, which is obtained from the statistics of a countable population, and the fuzzy entropy, which is a measure of imprecision ...

Abstract: The safety of ten structures which were damaged in the 1964 Alaska earthquake and two in the 1971 San Fernando one was assessed by considering seven subjective factors not evident in the usual resistance and load measures. ...

Abstract: The seismic performances of four (three retrofitted and one control) half‐scale, circular, reinforced‐concrete columns were studied. The columns were 10‐ft high, 18‐in. diameter cantilevers. The longitudinal flexural steel ...

Abstract: The paper evaluates bond stress and shear connector requirements in encased steel structures, which are sometimes known as steel reinforced concrete (SRC). Bond stress is important to the behavior of SRC elements, and shear ...