Abstract: Performing planar biaxial testing and using nominal stress–strain curves for softtissue characterization is most suitable when (1) the test produces homogeneous strain fields, (2) fibers are aligned with the coordinate ...

Abstract: Nucleotomy is a common surgical procedure and is also performed in ex vivo mechanical testing to model decreased nucleus pulposus (NP) pressurization that occurs with degeneration. Here, we implement novel and noninvasive ...