Abstract: With the use of the anomalous diffraction approximation, analytical expressions for the absorption and scattering coefficients and for the single scattering albedo of a polydispersion of horizontally oriented hexagonal ...

Abstract: The dependence of cloud shortwave radiative properties on the details of the droplet size distribution is minimized when the effective radius is chosen as a variable characterizing the size distribution. The shortwave ...

Abstract: The global horizontal structure of atmospheric entropy has been investigated. In energy balance models, the horizontal distribution of the atmospheric internal entropy production rate has been obtained. Based on the entropy ...

Abstract: tmospheric entropy and its association with climate dissipation are investigated. The balance equation for entropy is derived through the mean and transient thermal and moisture equations. The entropy production contains ...

Abstract: We have derived a simple approximation for the emissivity and flux emissivity of water clouds inside the atmospheric window between 8 and 14 m. In our approximation the emissivity in the 8?11.5 m band is a function only ...

Abstract: The Monte Carlo method is used to study the impact of various cloud morphologies (roughness, voids, waves, and horizontal spreading) on radiative properties of finite, thin, model cirrus clouds. The cloud-top reflectance ...

Abstract: For a given value of the solar constant we have found that the Budyko-type climate model gives two positions for the edge of the polar ice sheet. The results of the Budyko model suggest that with a decrease in the solar ...

Abstract: The two-stream approximation has been applied to the equation of radiative transfer to obtain two?stream models for the transfer of radiation through an optically thin plane-parallel atmosphere. The models include the ...

Abstract: A simple approximation has been developed for the infrared emittance of clouds composed of water spheres based on the absorption approximation for the emittance and on the polynomial approximation to the Mie absorption ...

Abstract: The vertical atmospheric entropy structure has been investigated using one-dimensional radiative?convective models. A method for evaluating radiation entropy is proposed. In the models, the entropy radiation is dealt with ...