Abstract: Based on the DRASTIC model [A model for groundwater vulnerability assessment including seven indexes: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), aquifer medium (A), soil type (S), topography (T), impact of the vadose zone ...

Abstract: Subsea pipe-in-pipe systems frequently encounter challenges from impact loads caused by falling objects, resulting in dents and damages that lead to oil and gas leakage. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using ...