Abstract: In scaffoldbased tissue engineering, sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply into cells within a scaffold is essential to increase cell viability and the proliferation rate. Generally, oxygen and nutrients reach the cells ...

Abstract: Application of lowmagnitude strains to cells on smallthickness scaffolds, such as those for rodent calvarial defect models, is problematic, because general translation systems have limitations in terms of generating ...

Abstract: ISO 12135, a representative standard for the evaluation of fracture toughness, was revised in 2021. In the previous standard published in 2016, only yield strength was reflected for material property in fracture toughness ...