Abstract: Time domain reflectometry (TDR) technology has become a valuable tool for detecting displacements and locating shear planes in rock or soil slopes. It is based on transmitting an electromagnetic pulse into a coaxial cable ...

Abstract: Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has become an effective nondestructive testing method for soil-nailing inspection. Previous studies utilized a preinstalled, single-core, electric wire alongside the rebar within the soil ...