Abstract: The effects of an artificial upper boundary on the climate of a general circulation model are examined using two versions of the model. The complete model has 26 levels extending from the surface to 0.1 mb (?65 km) and the ...

Abstract: Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the method of Ward is performed on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime 10-day low-pass-filtered 500-hPa height field, using the NMC operational analyses for the period 1946?85. Input ...

Abstract: Singular value decomposition (SYD) analysis is frequently used to identify pairs of spatial patterns whose time series are characterized by maximum temporal covariance. It tends to compress complicated temporal covariance ...

Abstract: The robustness of low-frequency circulation patterns defined by unrotated and rotated empirical orthogonal functions (E0Fs) are compared based on the Northern Hemisphere 10-day low-pass filtered wintertime 500-hPa height ...