Abstract: A diagnostic cumulus ensemble model is developed to study the effects of convective-scale downdrafts and mesoscale convective organization on the heat and moisture budgets of tropical cloud clusters. The model adopts the ...

Abstract: The diagnostic cumulus ensemble model presented in Part I of this paper is applied to the data taken during Phase III of the GARP Tropical Atlantic Experiment (GATE) to examine the effects of convective-scale downdrafts ...

Abstract: The effects of mesoscale convective organization on the large-scale heat and moisture budgets of tropical cloud clusters are studied using the GATE Phase III data. Two basic questions concerning the mesoscale effects are ...

Abstract: A combined updraft?downdraft model that includes the mass, rainwater, and vertical momentum budget equations for both updrafts and downdrafts is incorporated into the Arakawa?Schubert (A?S) cumulus parameterization. The ...

Abstract: A parameterization of cumulus ensemble effects on the large-scale vorticity is tested to interpret the vorticity budget residual, Z, observed during Phase III of GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). The parameterization ...

Abstract: The global forecast system (GFS), which started its operation in 1988 at the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan, has been upgraded to incorporate better numerical methods and more complete parameterization schemes. The ...

Abstract: The global forecast system (GFS), which started its operation in 1988 at the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan, has been upgraded to incorporate better numerical methods and more complete parameterization schemes. The ...