Abstract: Ensembles of convective clouds, especially in the tropics, often have widespread precipitating anvils associated with their deeper convective clouds. Mesoscale downdrafts occur below the middle-level bases of the anvils, ...

Abstract: The sensitivity of diagnosed cloud mass and heat fluxes over tropical oceans to assumptions about cumulus-scale updrafts and downdrafts is tested. The ensemble of clouds investigated is the population of precipitating ...

Abstract: Quantitaive radar data have been used to divide individual radar echoes observed in GATE into convective and mesoscale components. Echoes <102 km2 in area were considered, by virtue of their small time and space scales, ...

Abstract: Radar echo patterns observed daily during GATE have been analyzed to determine their mean characteristics and variations over the summer season. The characteristics analyzed were average echo areas, maximum heights, ...

Abstract: A set of equations for diagnosing the properties of precipitating clouds over a tropical ocean is developed by postulating a population of model clouds in which the vertical motions consist of convective up-drafts and ...