Abstract: framework for interpreting the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and ENSO indices is presented. The two leading principal components (PCs) of sea surface temperature [SST; strictly speaking, the departure from globally ...

Abstract: NSO-like variability is examined using a set of univariate indices based on unfiltered monthly global sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), sea level, and the ...

Abstract: ignal detection from noisy data by rejecting a noise null hypothesis depends critically on a priori assumptions regarding the background noise and the associated statistical methods. Rejecting one kind of noise null ...