Abstract: A systematic formulation of various radiative transfer parameterizations is presented, including the absorption approximation (AA), δ-two-stream approximation (D2S), δ-four-stream approximation (D4S), and δ-two- and ...

Abstract: NASA developed an Earth Observing System (EOS) to study global change and reduce uncertainties associated with aerosols and other key parameters controlling climate. The first EOS satellite, Terra, was launched in December ...

Abstract: Shartwave radiative fluxes that reach the earth's surface are key factors that influence atmospheric and oceanic circulations as well as surface climate. Yet, information on these fluxes is meager. Surface site data are ...