Abstract: The authors explore the accuracy of a comprehensive 46-year retrospective analysis of upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and currents. The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) analysis is global, spanning the latitude ...

Abstract: An incremental nonlinear normal-mode initialization procedure developed within the National Meteorological Center (NMC) global analysis and forecast system is described. Unlike conventional nonlinear normal-mode initialization, ...

Abstract: The authors describe a 46-year global retrospective analysis of upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and currents. The analysis is an application of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) package. SODA uses an ocean model ...

Abstract: The mechanisms regulating interannual and decadal variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic are examined. Observed variations of sea surface temperature are typically in the range of 0.3°?0.5°C ...