Abstract: This paper studies the effect of certain parameters closely related to the design of column foundations such as the improvement area ratio, especially at low values, e.g., 1 and 4%, and the grain size of the column material ...

Abstract: In the French conventional railway substructure, the interpenetration of ballast grains and subgrade fine soils that occurred over years of operation has created a new layer, namely, an interlayer. The in situ investigation ...