Abstract: Nine simply supported circular steel concrete-filled tubes (CFTs), two circular steel posttensioned concrete-filled tubes (PTCFTs), and one circular steel fiber–reinforced concrete-filled tube (FRCFT) have been tested in ...

Abstract: A viscoplastic cap model was previously developed to address the high strain rate effect on soil behaviors. Although the model is an improvement over the inviscid cap model, it does not update soil density and bulk modulus ...