Abstract: The ultrarapid underpass (URUP) tunneling method, in which a shield machine is launched and received at the ground surface level, has been developed for tunneling in congested areas. This paper reports monitoring results ...

Abstract: A new block-classification method for tunnel construction using a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) to capture the geometrical and mechanical transformation of rock blocks in the course of TBM excavation is proposed in this ...

Abstract: As urban populations continue to grow rapidly, the demand for efficient public transportation systems has increased. Consequently, metro stations have become indispensable components of urban infrastructure. Despite their ...