Abstract: The installation of underground trunk sewer lines in the Tuang formation of Kuching City, Malaysia, used trenchless technology in the form of the pipe-jacking method. The evaluation of pipe-jacking forces mainly involves ...

Abstract: Several researchers have studied the behavior of particles during shearing to have better insight into the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) strength parameters. In most cases, the movements of particles along the shear band were studied ...