Abstract: This paper proposes the modulation of nodal outflows in water distribution networks (WDNs) to solve the problem of low disinfectant concentrations at critical dead-end nodes, in which low flow velocities and long residence ...

Abstract: The detection of contaminant intrusion into a water-distribution network (WDN) is a difficult issue due to uncertainty related to the type of injected contaminant, source location, and intrusion time. The placement of water ...