Abstract: AbstractVarious criteria exist for determining the occurrence of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), but the most common is based on the reversal of the climatological westerly zonal-mean zonal winds at 60° latitude ...

Abstract: The steady-state extratropical atmospheric response to thermal forcing is investigated in a simple atmospheric general circulation model. The thermal forcings qualitatively mimic three key aspects of anthropogenic climate ...

Abstract: limate change experiments run on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?class numerical models consistently suggest that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases will lead to a poleward shift of the midlatitude ...

Abstract: AbstractStratospheric conditions are increasingly being recognized as an important driver of North Atlantic and Eurasian climate variability. Mindful that the observational record is relatively short, and that internal ...

Abstract: udden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large, rapid temperature rises in the winter polar stratosphere, occurring predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Major SSWs are also associated with a reversal of the climatological ...

Abstract: redictability on seasonal time scales over the North Atlantic?Europe region is assessed using a seasonal prediction system based on an initialized version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). For this ...

Abstract: Process studies are designed to improve our understanding of poorly-described physical processes that are central to the behavior of the climate system. They typically include coordinated efforts of intensive field campaigns ...