Abstract: Ballasted track progressively deteriorates due to ballast degradation and track deformation under dynamic loading, and this process accelerates when train speeds increase and axle loads become heavier as the railways are ...

Abstract: The deformation and degradation of fouled ballast have been examined by large-scale triaxial tests and discrete element modeling (DEM) to understand how clay fouling changes the shear strength and micromechanical aspects ...

Abstract: Increasing hydraulic gradients and associated seepage in a soil foundation accompanied by a reduction in effective stress, degradation of soil stiffness, and diminished internal stability contribute to adverse conditions ...

Abstract: The recycling of waste materials (e.g., coal wash, steel slag, recycled rubber, and fly ash) is becoming increasingly popular in ground engineering projects. While the physical properties of these waste materials can ...

Abstract: Large cyclic loading on ballasted railroad tracks is now inevitable owing to an increased demand for freight and public transport. This leads to a progressive deterioration and densification of railroad ballast and ...

Abstract: Although many traditional soil stabilizers (e.g., lime, cement, gypsum, and fly ash) have been widely and effectively used for ground improvement, they often adversely affect the surrounding soil and groundwater environment. ...