Abstract: recent state estimate covering the period 1992?2010 from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project is utilized to quantify the upper-ocean heat budget in the North Atlantic on monthly to ...

Abstract: The Walin water mass framework quantifies the rate at which water is transformed from one temperature class to another by air?sea heat fluxes (transformation). The divergence of the transformation rate yields the rate at ...

Abstract: The seasonal cycle in the volume and formation rate of Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) in the North Atlantic is quantified over the 3-yr period from 2004 to 2006. The EDW layer is defined as all waters that have a temperature ...

Abstract: recent state estimate covering the period 1992?2010 from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project is utilized to quantify the roles of air?sea heat fluxes and advective heat transport convergences ...

Abstract: AbstractUnderstanding the extent to which Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are predictable is important due to the strong climate impacts of Atlantic SST on Atlantic hurricanes and temperature and precipitation ...

Abstract: wing to the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in ocean heat transport, AMOC variability is thought to play a role in climate variability on a wide range of time scales. This paper focuses on ...