Abstract: AbstractAcross much of the Northern Hemisphere, Climate Forecast System forecasts made earlier in the winter (e.g., on 1 January) are found to have more snow water equivalent (SWE) in April?June than forecasts made later ...

Abstract: here is a large uncertainty of snow water equivalent (SWE) in reanalyses and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), but the primary reason for this uncertainty remains unclear. Here several reanalysis products ...

Abstract: now initialization is crucial for weather and seasonal prediction, but the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational models have been found to produce too little snow water equivalent, partly because ...

Abstract: lobal land-cover data are widely used in regional and global models because land cover influences land?atmosphere exchanges of water, energy, momentum, and carbon. Many models use data of maximum green vegetation fraction ...

Abstract: ods can cause extensive damage to both life and property, especially because they are difficult to predict. Flash flood prediction requires high-resolution meteorological observations and predictions, as well as calibrated ...

Abstract: lobal land cover data are widely used in weather, climate, and hydrometeorological models. The Collection 5.1 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) product is found to have a ...

Abstract: now plays a major role in land?atmosphere interactions, but strong spatial heterogeneity in snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE) makes it challenging to evaluate gridded snow quantities using in situ measurements. ...