Abstract: Observational evidence of seasonal variability below the main thermocline in the eastern North Atlantic is described, and a theoretical model of oceanic response to seasonally varying wind stress forcing is constructed to ...

Abstract: An algorithm is described for computing salinity as a continuous function of potential temperature for the western North Atlantic. The algorithm uses historical data compiled by Worthington and Melcalf (1961) for the deep ...

Abstract: Available, potential energy (APE) is defined as the difference between total potential plus internal energy of a fluid in a gravity field and a corresponding reference field in which the fluid is redistributed (leveled) ...