Abstract: he First International Urban Land Surface Model Comparison was designed to identify three aspects of the urban surface?atmosphere interactions: 1) the dominant physical processes, 2) the level of complexity required to ...

Abstract: nclusion of vegetation is critical for urban land surface models (ULSM) to represent reasonably the turbulent sensible and latent heat flux densities in an urban environment. Here the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator ...

Abstract: A generalized coupling is proposed between atmospheric models and surface schemes (land and ocean). A set of input and output variables is defined for this purpose in such a way that it can be used by many current and ...

Abstract: A land surface scheme that may be run with or without a tiled representation of subgrid heterogeneity and includes an implicit atmospheric coupling scheme is described. Simulated average surface air temperatures and diurnal ...

Abstract: he Water and Global Change (WATCH) project evaluation of the terrestrial water cycle involves using land surface models and general hydrological models to assess hydrologically important variables including evaporation, ...

Abstract: he Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface Models (PALS) Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER) was designed to be a land surface model (LSM) benchmarking intercomparison. Unlike the traditional ...

Abstract: A large number of urban surface energy balance models now exist with different assumptions about the important features of the surface and exchange processes that need to be incorporated. To date, no comparison of these ...