Abstract: Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a metal-insulator transition (MIT) at approximately 68 °C, with associated sharp changes in its physical (e.g., optical, electrical, and mechanical) properties. This behavior makes VO2 films ...

Abstract: The zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics define the concepts of thermal equilibrium and thermal energy. The second law of thermodynamics determines whether a particular transfer of thermal energy can occur. Collectively, ...