Abstract: The background state of the equatorial Pacific determines the prevalence of a ?slow? recharge oscillator-type ENSO over a ?fast? quasi-biennial surface-driven ENSO. The first is controlled to a large extent by the thermocline ...

Abstract: wo numerical ocean models are used to study the baroclinic response to forcing by localized wind stress curl (i.e., a wind-forced ? plume, which is a circulation cell developing to the west of the source region and composed ...