Abstract: A probability density function (PDF) of the instantaneous bed shear stress in a turbulent flow is derived in this paper. It is argued that the shape of the PDF is similar to the PDF of the instantaneous drag forces on bed ...

Abstract: Bed protections are usually characterized by low-mobility transport conditions and nonequilibrium turbulence profiles. As the present knowledge of the influence of turbulence on stability of cover layer units is minimal, ...

Abstract: A stability parameter for rock in bed protections under nonuniform stationary flow is derived. The influence of the mean flow velocity, turbulence, and mean acceleration of the flow are included explicitly in the parameter. ...

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on stone stability under nonuniform turbulent flow, in particular expanding flow. Detailed measurements of both flow and turbulence and the bed stability are described. ...

Abstract: Rock groins in the Elbe Estuary are constructed to maintain proper water levels for navigation and for embankment erosion protection. At certain localities, significant damages to rock groins have been observed due to the ...