Abstract: The initialization schemes of Machenhauer (1977), Baer and Tribbia (1977), and one requiring the initial second time derivatives of gravity modes to be zero are tested by application to a simple differential equation, which ...

Abstract: A simple alternative formula for normal Mode initialization is shown to be exactly equivalent to Tribbia's procedure. It is then argued that although Tribbia's procedure gives excellent results for some problems, it can ...

Abstract: Various normal-mode initialization techniques are applied to a simple 12-level linear model with boundary layer friction, and results are compared to exact solutions of the model. It is found that Machenhauer's initialization ...

Abstract: Automated aircraft data are very important as input to numerical weather prediction (NWP) models because of their accuracy, large quantity, and extensive and different data coverage compared to radiosonde data. On average, ...

Abstract: arious studies have noted that aircraft temperature data have a generally warm bias relative to radiosonde data around 200 hPa. In this study, variational aircraft temperature bias correction is incorporated in the Gridpoint ...