Abstract: The fully nonlinear barotropic vorticity equation is integrated in time to study the development of a Rossby wave critical level. The initial conditions consist of a hyperbolic tangent shear flow and a steady forced wave ...

Abstract: The time-dependent nonlinear Rossby wave equation is solved numerically in order to study the evolution of a forced wave on a parallel flow in the presence of a critical level. Inviscid and viscous integrations are performed, ...

Abstract: A finite element formulation for the vertical discretization of a global spectral model is presented. Results obtained from a linearized version of the model are compared with both exact analytical solutions and those of ...

Abstract: The linear stability of vertical discretization schemes for semi-implicit primitive-equation models is thoroughly investigated. The equations are linearized about a stationary rotating basic state atmosphere that has a ...

Abstract: The accuracy of a slightly modified version of the finite-element vertical discretization scheme first described in Staniforth and Daley is studied with respect to a set of Rossby and gravity analytical normal modes obtained ...

Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated the importance of land surface schemes in climate change studies using general circulation models (GCMs). However, there have not been many studies that explore the role of land surface schemes ...

Abstract: sity and benefits for establishing the international Earth-system Prediction Initiative (EPI) are discussed by scientists associated with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), ...