Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the study of a possible active role of the stratosphere on the tropospheric climate. However, most studies have focused on this connection in wintertime. This paper ...

Abstract: AbstractIt is well established that El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts the North Atlantic?European (NAE) climate, with the strongest influence in winter. In late winter, the ENSO signal travels via both tropospheric ...

Abstract: revious research shows that blocking highs (BHs) influence wintertime polar stratospheric variability through the modulation of the climatological planetary waves (PWs) depending on the BH location. BHs over the Euro-Atlantic ...