Abstract: Compressibility and rarefaction effect plays an essential role in the design and study of objects experiencing hypersonic flows. The presence of chemical and thermal non-equilibrium in hypersonic flows increases the ...

Abstract: The numerical computation of hypersonic flows over blunt bodies is challenging due to the difficulty in robust and accurate wall heat flux prediction and proper capturing of shock waves free from the “carbuncle” phenomenon ...

Abstract: The Spalart–Allmaras (SA) is one of the most popular turbulence models in the aerospace computational fluid dynamics (CFD) community. In its original (low-Reynolds number) formulation, it requires a very tight grid spacing ...