Abstract: Closed-type shield tunneling methods were developed together with computer-aided automatic control systems. However, automatic control systems are based on empirical relationships and do not have a precise theoretical ...

Abstract: Simulation of the shield behavior is carried out by applying the model of the loads acting on the shield to the shield tunneling work. The shield tunneling was carried out using an earth pressure balanced shield in sandy ...

Abstract: The kinematic shield model has been proposed to simulate shield behavior during excavation based on equilibrium condition, taking into account ground displacement around the shield. The model has been validated by the ...